Cornwall
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Nearby places
Linkinhorne
The parish of Linkinhorne, (Cornish: Lanngynhorn), is situated in the Deanery and Hundred of East; it
is bounded on the north by Northill and Lezant, on the east by Stoke Climsland
and Southill, on the south by St Ive and St Cleer, and on the west by St Cleer
and Northill. The parish is divided into two nearly equal parts by the River
Lynher, which runs through it from north to south. The name 'Linkinhorne'
means Church site (Lann) of Kenhoarn, but the patron saint of local church is
St Mylor. In the Domesday Book of 1086 it was called Resleston (town by the ford)
and was part of the manor of Rillaton. This parish is divided by the wooded
Lynher valley, the west rising steeply to Bodmin Moor while the eastern half is
mainly agricultural. At Darley Farm is the Darley Oak which is believed
to be over a thousand years old and has a circumference of 36 feet. Another relic of
the Bronze Age is The
Hurlers, another group of stones. These are reputed to have once been a
group of men who were turned to stone for hurling on the sabbath day. The chief
villages are the Churchtown, Caradon, Henwood, Rillaton and Rilla
Mill.
As a mining district, the western part of this parish is similar
to St Cleer to which it adjoins. Tin mining and streaming was being worked here
from the mid-17th century.
This parish rests on granite, forming
high and barren hills, the sides and summits of which are covered with immense
boulders and tons of granite which once furnished employment for a great number
of stone-cutters.
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Census information for this parish (1841 - 1901) is held in the
Cornwall Records Office. The Cornwall Family History Society offers a
census search service for its members. The Cornwall Family History Society have also published on-line census detail by surname on the FamilyHistoryonLine site. Specific census information for this parish is available as follows:
- 1841.
- The 1841 Census of Linkinhorne (HO107/134), Enumeration
Districts 8 to 11, is available on-line from the Cornwall Online Census
project.
- The OPC has also made the 1841
Census for Linkinhorne available on-line, courtesy of the OPC.
- The census has also been filmed by the LDS church - film No. 241258.
- 1851.
- 1861.
- 1871.
- 1881.
- 1891.
- The 1891 Census of Linkinhorne (RG12/1809) is available on-line from the Cornwall Online Census project as follows:
- The 1891
census for Linkinhorne, (RG12/1809), is now available on-line in three districts, courtesy of the OPC.
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- Anglican. The parish
church is located in OS Grid Square SX3173 and was dedicated to St Melorus
(Mylor).
The mother church of the parish is that of St Melor at
Linkinhorne, with a (separate) church dedicated to St Paul being built at Upton
Cross in the late 19th century to meet the need for a church closer to the
populous mining villages.
The parish church of St Melorus
comprises a chancel, nave
and north and south aisles. The arcades each comprise five four-centred arches
of granite, supported on monolith pillars of the same material. At the west end
of the church the arcades are banded together with iron bars on which stands
the date 1786. The tower arch, which is well-proportioned and moulded, is
blocked. The tower, which has four stanges, is 120ft high, and is buttressed on
the square, and is finished with battlements, battlemented turrets and
crocketed pinnacles. There are six bells. The church was given to Launceston
Priory by Reginald Fitz-Henry, Earl of Cornwall, the natural son of Henry I;
the gift was confirmed in a charter from King John in 1199 and by another from
Henry III in 1288.
In 1885 the decision was taken to build another
church at Upton Cross. The land was donated by the Duchy of Cornwall and the
church was designed by Mr Silvanus Trevail of Truro and constructed by Mr
Trehane of Liskeard for the sum of £1600. At the same time the Sunday School
building was constructed for just over £200 and was designed to accommodate
about 70 or 80 scholars. The Board School, which was finished before the Church
was designed by the same architect! The church was designed for a congregation
of around 200 and has a nave 50 feet long by 21 feet, with a chancel 22 feet by
16 feet with an apsidal end. A graceful granite arch divides the chancel from
the nave and the woodwork of the roof is open with arch ribbed principals. Hot
air heating was installed when the church was built. St Paul's church was
consecrated on the 5th May 1887.
Details about the plans of these two churches are available on-line.
- Non-Conformist. The following Non-Conformist Chapels were active in the
parish:
- Minions. (Primitive Methodist). The chapel was built in 1864 and
it closed in 1980; it is now a private dwelling.
- Henwood. (Primitive Methodist). This chapel was built 1855 and closed in 1980. It is now a private dwelling.
- Higher Stanbear. (Bible Christian). There is no further information available.
The building has been demolished.
- Upton Cross. (Wesleyan Methodist), was built 1864 and closed early 1980s; it is
now in use as a storeroom.
- Lanhargy. (Wesleyan Methodist). The present chapel was built in 1911 to replace
an earlier building from 1802. The building is now semi-derelict. There is a
burial ground attached.
- Caradon. (United Methodist Free Church). This chapel was in use until the late
1920s and was then demolished.
- Plushabridge. (Plymouth Brethren). The chapel was built at the end of the 19th
century and closed down during or after WWII; it is now a private dwelling.
- Darley. (United Methodist Free Church). The baptism registers date from 1837 to 1907. It was no longer a chapel in the 1960s and in the 1970s was converted to a dwelling. There are
some monumental stones still in existence.
- Rilla Mill. (Wesleyan Methodist). The present chapel was built in 1846 and is
still in use today; there is an adjacent burial ground.
- Bray Shop. (Bible Christian). This chapel is still in use at the beginning of the 21st century, and has a small burial ground attached.
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- LDS Church Records.
- CRO Record Holdings. The Cornwall Record Office holdings: Baptisms 1576 - 1910, Burials 1576 - 1894,
Marriages 1576 - 1966, Boyd's Marriage Index 1576 - 1812, Pallot's Marriage Index 1790 - 1812.
- CFHS Records. The Cornwall Family History
Society have published on-line transcripts of:
- Pre 1813 Marriages
- 1813-37 Marriages
- 1813-37 Burials
- Non-Conformist Registers - General. Information on Non-Conformist
registers in Linkinhorne parish is available online.
- Baptisms.
- Callington Area Heritage Centre have placed the following baptism records for Linkinhorne parish on-line:
- Parish baptisms 1699 to 1850.
- Non-conformist baptisms 1837 to 1850.
- Darley Chapel baptisms 1837 to 1850.
- Rilla Mill Chapel baptisms 1841 to 1850
- Baptisms 1676 to 1772 (Bishop's transcripts), and 1660 to 1911 (parish transcripts), for this parish are available on-line through the OPC search Facility - (C-PROP).
- Baptisms in the Lanhargy Wesleyan Methodist Church 1871 to 1892 are available on-line through the OPC search Facility (C-PROP).
- The Parish Chest have published on CD, baptisms 1725 to 1843 for this parish.
- Cornwall Legacy have also published on CD, records of the Linkinhorne Chapels. These comprise Rilla Mill Wesleyan Chapel baptisms (1841 to 1900), Lanhargy Wesleyan Chapel baptisms (1871-1900) and Darley United Methodist Chapel baptisms 1837-1900). The areas cover Linkinhorne, Breage, St Cleer, North Hill, St Ive, Stoke Climsland and South Hill.
- Cornwall Legacy have published on CD, records of the Liskeard Bible Christian Circuit. These comprise baptisms (1863 to 1900). The areas cover Liskeard, St Ive, St Cleer, Altarnun, Menheniot, St Neot, Broadoak, LInkinhorne and certain other parishes.
- Cornwall Legacy have published on CD, records of the Liskeard Wesleyan Circuit. These comprise baptisms 1834 to 1900. The areas cover Liskeard, Boconnoc, Broadoak, Callington, Linkinhorne, Looe, Menheniot, Morval, Pelynt, Quethiock, St Germans, St Ive, St Martins, St Neot, St Pinnock, St Veep, St Winnow, South Hill and Talland.
- Cornwall Legacy have published on CD, records of the Liskeard Primitive Methodist Circuit. These comprise LIskeard Primitive Methodist Circuit baptisms 1856 to 1900, Greenbank Chapel baptisms 1870 - 1900. The areas cover Liskeard, St Ive, St Cleer, Menheniot, Callington, Calstock, Lezant, Linkinhorne and Landrake.
- Cornwall Legacy have also published on CD, baptisms (1837-1900) of the Launceston wesleyan Circuit. The areas cover Launceston, South Petherwin, Lewannick, North Hill, Altarnun, Linkinhorne, St Stephens, Lezant, Egloskerry, Egloskerry, Treneglos, Stoke Climsland, Laneast and Lawhitton.
- Marriages.
- Burials 1675 to 1772 (Bishop's transcripts), and 1725 to 1894 (parish transcripts), for this parish are available on-line through the OPC search Facility - (C-PROP).
- The Cornwall Family History Society have published transcripts of: Parish Burials 1813 to 1837, which is available in Book format.
- Callington Area Heritage Centre have placed on-line Linkinhorne Burials 1725 - 1837 (note: 1734 to 1741 are missing) and 1854 to 1894.
- Cornwall Legacy have published on CD, records of the Liskeard Primitive Methodist Circuit. These comprise Trenant Chapel burials 1843 - 1900. The areas cover Liskeard, St Ive, St Cleer, Menheniot, Callington, Calstock, Lezant, Linkinhorne and Landrake.
- Cornwall Legacy have also published on CD, records of the Launceston wesleyan Circuit. These comprise burials (1818-1880), and St Thomas Wesleyan Burials 1842- 1892). The areas cover Launceston, South Petherwin, Lewannick, North Hill, Altarnun, Linkinhorne, St Stephens, Lezant, Egloskerry, Egloskerry, Treneglos, Stoke Climsland, Laneast and Lawhitton.
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The parish of Linkinhorne has always been in the Liskeard
Registration District. There were sub-districts at Callington, Lerrin,
Liskeard and Looe; Linkinhorne was under the Callington sub-district which was
closed in the 1930's. All BMD registers for Linkinhorne are at Liskeard and
always have been. Parishes within the district are: Boconnoc, Broadoak, Callington, Calstock (1837-60), Duloe, East Looe, Lanreath, Lansallos, Lanteglos, Linkinhorne, Liskeard, Liskeard Borough, Menheniot, Morval, Pelynt, St. Cleer, St. Dominick, St. Ive, St. Keyne, St. Martin's, St. Neot, St. Pinnock, St. Veep, Southill, Talland and West Looe. The Superintendant Registrar can be contacted at: Graylands, Dean Street, Liskeard, PL14 4AH. Tel: 01579 343442.
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Some Quarter Session
Records for the parishes of Linkinhorne, South Hill and St Ive, are
available on-line.
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- ePodunk's Cornwall page - providing general, plus some historical and genealogical information, about Cornwall and its parishes, together with links (mainly relating to general sites and services, rather than ones that are specific to Cornwall or particular parishes).
- Photographs
of Linkinhorne are available on-line.
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- The 1892 Sanitary Report gives an interesting indication of the housing conditions of the period in Linkinhorne.
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- OPC Assistance.
- The On-line Parish Clerk (OPC) scheme operates a service to help family historians; the OPC page for this parish is available on-line, from where the OPC can be contacted by email.
- The OPC also
offers look-ups of a number of records; details are given on the Family History website for the
parish.
- Some family histories of persons from Linkinhorne are available.
- Persons born in Linkinhorne but found elsewhere in records are known as
"Strays". Some Strays
from Linkinhorne but found elsewhere are available on-line.
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The Domesday Settlements of Cornwall, a study undertaken by the Cornwall Branch of the Historical Association, has identified and located settlements listed in the Exeter and Exchequer Domesday Survey of AD 1086. The following places have been identified in Linkinhorne ecclesiastical parish:
- Caradon (Carnatona, Carnetone), Grid Reference 292714.
- Hall (Carnetona, Carneton), Grid Reference 280725.
- Patrieda (Pedret, Peret), Grid Reference 308739.
- Pengelly (Pengelli, Pengelle), Grid Reference 313747.
- Rillaton (Risllestona, Risleton), Grid Reference 298738.
- Trefrize (Treuerim, Treverim), Grid Reference 308766.
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The Manorial Documents Register (MDR) maintained by the Historic Manuscripts
Commission notes that, so far as can be established, the parish of Linkinhorne
contained the manors of:
Carnedon Lyer
Carnedon Prior
Climsland
Prior
Linkinhorne
Newland | Rillaton
Pengelly
Patrieda
Rillaton
Rillaton Peverell. |
The MDR contains the following information for these manors:
- Carnedon Prior Manor
- Minister's accounts 1542-1623.
- Receiver' accounts 1542-1661.
- Court rolls 1628-1759.
- Surveys 1607-1851 (non consecutive), 1974 in the Duchy of Cornwall Office, 10 Buckingham Gate London SW1E 6LA. (Access to records at the Duchy of Cornwall is restricted).
- Court rolls 1574-77, 1589-1601, 1603-47, surveys temp Jas I and Commonwealth in the Public
Record Office, Ruskin Avenue, Kew, Richmond TW9 4DU (ref: SC2/156/21-2;
SC2/158/25-9; LR2/207/55-6; E317/Cornwall/8).
- Survey with Climsland Prior 17th cent
in Southampton Archives Office, Civic Centre, Southampton SO14 7LY (collection
ref: D/M).
- Rental 1655
in Cornwall Record Office, Old County Hall, Truro TR1 3AY (ref: AD
1166/1).
- Climsland Prior Manor
- Minister's accounts 1542-1623.
- Receiver's accounts 1542-1661.
- Court rolls
1628-45, 1666-91, 1725/26, 1735.
- Surveys 1608-1851 (non-consecutive), 1974 in
the Duchy of Cornwall Office (access restricted).
-
Court rolls 1574/75-1647/48 (non consecutive).
-
Surveys temp Jas I and Commonwealth
in the Public Record Office (ref: SC2/156/21-2; SC2/158/6, 26, 34-6;
SC2/163/16; LR2/207/60; E317/Cornwall/9).
- Newland Manor
- Court roll 1540/41-1541/42 in the Public Record Office (ref:
SC2/159/30).
- Court rolls 1553-6 in the Huntington Library, 1150 Oxford Road,
San Marino, California CA 91108 (collection ref: Hastings collection).
- Rillaton Manor
- Rillaton Manor Rentals of 1701 are available on-line.
- Minister's accounts
- Assession rolls and other records with other manors
13th-16th cent.
- Court rolls 1515-1648, rental temp Jas I and Commonwealth
survey in the Public Record Office (no reference given).
- Minister's accounts 1341-75, 1379-1633.
- Receiver's accounts 1400-1660
- Assession rolls 1333-1756 (non consecutive).
- Court rolls 1795-1839.
- Rentals and assessioning papers 17th-18th cent.
- Surveys 1338, 1649-1851 (non consecutive), 1974 in the Duchy of Cornwall Office
(access restricted).
- Account rolls.
- Reeve's accounts.
- Court books.
- Estreat rolls.
- Surveys.
- Precepts, presentments and rentals with other manors 1600-1900 in Cornwall
Record Office (collection ref: DD R(S)).
- Court rolls 1638/39-1642/43 Rental (detailed) temp Jas I
in the Public Record Office (ref: SC2/156/21-22; SC12/2/32).
- Rillaton Pengelly Manor
- Fragments of rentals and valuation 1783, Rent book 1788-98, in the Cornwall
Record Office (collection ref: DD RD).
- Court roll with Tremollett 1550, List of tenants and rental 1635, 1643, Reeve's
accounts and rental 1654-1721, Court roll 1547, Court book 1648-1709, Rentals
1636, 1641, 1730-39,
- Reeve's accounts 1706-9, 1730-37, Surveys c1740, 1783, Court books with
Tremollett 1648-1710, Valuation and lists of tenants 16th cent. Court rolls
with Lantyan 1636-43
in Cornwall Record Office (collection ref: DD R).
- Survey and valuation 1783, Reeve's accounts 1696-97, in Cornwall Record Office
(ref: CA/B42/11-12, 52).
Reeve's account with Bulland 1711 in Cornwall
Record Office (ref: DD.CM/1447).
- Rillaton Peverell Manor
- Rentals with other manors and papers rel to rents 1783-1844 in Cornwall Record
Office (ref: X420).
- Letters and accounts concerning payment of chief rents
c1816-25 in Cornwall Record Office (collection ref: DD RD).
The MDR has no note of any documents relating to the manors of Carnedon Lyer, Linkinhorne and
Patrieda.
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- The records for 1861 cover all the people who died in Linkinhorne parish in
1860. The total figure came to 33 persons at a time when the population of the
parish was 2551 (in April 1861). The average age for death was only 21 years
old, however if you take the average age of those who were either miners or the
sons, daughters or wife of a miner, from 21 deaths you have an average age of
only 13 years. Of the 9 persons who were farmers or relatives of farmers the
average age is 38 years. Fifteen of the deaths were of children under 5 years
of age. The youngest death was Loveday KNIGHT at 5 days old, who was found dead
in her bed. Debility and atrophy are common causes of child death with croup,
typhus and various infections of the chest. Emma MANLEY at 37 years was the
only one to die in childbirth. Amongst the adults the most common cause of
death was consumption, phthisis and typhus. Of the three deaths over 60 years
of age Joseph PARSON a miner, died of 'Gradual decline' William KERNICK (67)
a farmer, of heart disease and Jane DAWE (85) widow of an agricultural
labourer, of old age and heart disease.
Other surnames of deceased in 1860 are:
Allen, Andrews, Baskel, Bennett, Bowden, Bray, Carkeel, Chegwin x2,
Davis, Gourd, Harvey, Hawkey, Henwood, Hoar, Hodge x2, Hore, Northcott
x2, Rawling, Smetherham, Snell, Spargo, Trehane x2, Vine, Webb.
- 1861 was a bad year for deaths in Linkinhorne as 41 died, compared to 33 in
the previous year. The average age of all deceased persons was only 15 years!
The youngest to die was a one day old premature child of the JENKIN family and
the oldest was 92 year old John MITCHELL a farmer. The Coroner was called out
twice and was obviously perplexed as to the cause of death as it is listed as
'Visitation of God', this was for 6-week old Samuel GOVETT and 22 year
old Emma TONKYN. The death of 5-month old Emily Ann NICHOLLS is listed as
'Unknown' and uncertified and 5-day old Richard LUCAS was stated as
'Found dead in bed'. Seven year old Elizabeth Jane MITCHELL died from
'Accidental burning', but the coroner was not called in for any of these
three. In all a total of 28 deaths were of children below the age of 5. Causes
of death range from croup to convulsions, rickets, fever, debility, abscess,
ulceration of throat, disease of the skin, teething and there were 6 fatal
cases of measles during the summer months. Ann PEARCE died in childbirth and
the son she gave birth to, George Thomas died four months later of
'stoppage
of the bowel'. There were another two unlucky families in February Sarah
JEFFERY, the 5 year old daughter of Thomas died of 'croup' and in March
10 month old Ann died of 'debility'. On the 29th March 3 year old
Elizabeth daughter of William OLVER died of fever and four days later
her 19 year old brother Henry died of typhus, which leaves one to doubt the
diagnosis of the first death. What can be noticed so far from these
records, apart from the sad - and what are now quite preventable deaths - of
children, is the fact that there are very few death of what we would call
middle-aged people i.e. 40 - 60 years, or even the earlier period from 25 to
40. It would seem that if you got past 20 you had a reasonable chance of living
to old age as in 1861 after the age of 25 the deceased were 32, 36, 38, 50, 61,
64, 66, 71, 92, and if anyone lived into their 80's or 90's there was a strong
chance they were farmers.
Surnames of other persons deceased in Linkinhorne in 1861
ANDRAWATHA, BRAY, BROOK, COOMBE, CRABB, EDWARDS, GARLAND, GOURD x2, HERRING,
HOAD?, JEFFERY x2, JENKIN, KEMP, MITCHELL, MORRISH, PALMER,
PEARN, PEARSE, PHILP, POLKINGHORNE, SCOBLE, SMALE, SMEETH, STEPHENS,
STRIKE, TREGLOYN, VINE.
- The Cornwall Record Office holds a report which is dated 26th January 1893 and is signed
by William Nettle, Medical Officer of Health. It gives an interesting insight
into the housing conditions of the working classes at the end of the 19th
century and briefly mentions housing in the 24 parishes in the Liskeard
District. This
report, entitled The Housing of the Working Classes in the Liskeard
Rural Sanitary District - 1892, is available on-line.
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Newspaper
Extracts of events in Linkinhorne, and taken from the CORNISH TIMES
1857, 1858, 1859 & 1862, and the Sherborne & Yeovil Mercury
1773-1778, are available on-line.
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The Free &
Voluntary Present, as the name indicates, is a list of those persons making
a voluntary contribution to the King. The list is a record of those persons who went to
Launceston on 8th November 1661, from the parishes of St Ive, Linkinhorne and
South Hill. The amount they gave is indicated.
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- Population in 1801 - 924 persons
- Population in 1811 - 1002 persons
- Population in 1821 - 1080 persons
- Population in 1831 - 1159 persons
- Population in 1841 - 1525 persons
- Population in 1851 - 2005 persons
- Population in 1861 - 2551 persons
- Population in 1871 - 2918 persons
- Population in 1881 - 2300 persons
- Population in 1891 - 2012 persons
- Population in 1901 - 1341 persons
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- Population in 1911 - 1450 persons
- Population in 1921 - 1309 persons
- Population in 1931 - 1208 persons
- Population in 1951 - 1228 persons
- Population in 1961 - 1087 persons
- Population in 1971 - 1053 persons
- Population in 1981 - 1310 persons
- Population in 1991 - 1475 persons
- Population in 2001 - 1471 persons
- Population in 2011 - 1500 persons
|
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Some Wills & Admons
for Linkinhorne parish are available on-line.
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In the May of 1641 it was agreed and ordered that every Member of the House
of Commons and House of Lords should make a protestation (declaration of
loyalty) to the crown. The Protestation was printed and then distributed by the
Members to their counties. The Protestation was to be made by everyone and the
Rectors, Churchwardens and Overseers of the Poor, had to appear before the
Justices of the Peace in their Hundred to make their protestation and, on
returning to their parishes, any two of them were to witness the taking of the
Protestation Oath by all males over the age of 18 years. All names were listed
and anyone who refused was to be noted.
The
Protestation Returns of 1642 for Linkinhorne are available on-line.
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The parish comprises 7903 acres of land and 21 acres of water.
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The Poll books recorded the names of everyone in Cornwall who voted at
Parliamentary elections along with the names of the person they voted for.
There are three poll books for the County, all at the Cornwall Record Office.
1710 (CF4787), 1774 (DX622), 1790 (PD208). Names for St Ive, Linkinhorne &
Southill are available on-line.
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