Cardiff

CARDIFF is the most important seaport, market and post town in the Principality of Wales; and like Hartlepool, Middlesborough, and many other towns, it has suddenly rusen from comparative obscurity to a position of great importance. It is a municipal and parliamentary borough, and market town, composed of the parish of St. John and St. Mary in the Cardiff union. It is in the hundred of Kibbor, and the county of Glamorgan, of which it is the county town. Cardiff is 160 miles from London; 56 from Gloucester, 28 from Chepstow, 40 from Bristol, 12 from Newport, 46 from Swansea, 20 from Bridgend, 12 from Cowbridge, 11 from Llantrisant, 12 from Pontypridd, and 24 from Merthyr, Aberdare, and Rhymney. It is situated upon the shallow but rapidly flowing river called the Taff, about a miles from its mouth; and is about 3 miles west of the south-eastern extremity of Glamorganshire. The history of Cardiff is of considerable interest, and great antiquity; but there is much in connection with it that entirely relies upon tradition for its authenticity.

Cardiff was originally known by the name of Rhatostabius Ostium; but on being invaded by the Romans under Aulus Didius (the successor of Ostorius in command of the Roman army in Britain), a fort was raised and occupied with soldiers for the purpose of overawing the inhabitants of the surrounding country, who soon gave the place the name of Caerdidi. This name was afterwards associated with that of the river Taff, and became corrupted into Caer-taffe, then into Caerdaff, and subsequently into its present designation, Cardiff. After the departure of the Romans - about the middle of the fifth century - various Welsh princes ruled Cardiff and the surrounding district, between whom and the Saxons frequent contests occurred. In the ninth century Cardiff suffered severely, along with the rest of the county, by the marauding expeditions of the Danes. In 1080, Jestyn-ap-Gwrgant, lord of Glamorgan, commenced an extensive fortification of the town, which was completed early in the eleventh century by a Norman chief named Fitz-hamon. The fortification consisted of a wall around the town of considerable height, and about six feet thick, with five entrance gates; but nothing now remains of these extensive works, about the last remnant being removed in 1867 to carry out a public improvement in North street. The history of Cardiff is to a great extent connected with that of Cardiff castle, which is situated close to the centre of the town, and forms its northern extremity. There are various dates fixed of the founding of the castle. Many credit Jestyn-ap-Gwrgant with its construction in 1080, while others maintain that it was rebuilt by Robert, Earl of Gloucester, in 1101 as a Roman fortress. About 1112 it was suprised, and captured, by a native chieftan named Ivor Bach, who held the Earl of Gloucester and his family prisoners till they were ransomed. A very fine picture referring to the capture is hung in the assembly room of the Cardiff Town Hall. The most important historical incident in connection with the castle is the reported confinement of Robert, Duke of Normandy, brother to William Rufus and Henry I., who was deprived of his sight, and confined for 26 years in a small room at the base of the entrance tower, which is still known as Robert Curthose's tower. The recent excavations round "the keep", made under the direction of the Marquis of Bute, have led to the supposition that the room in which Duke Robert was confined was to the north of this tower, and was of much larger dimensions than the cell pointed out. The external walls of the castle did not extend so far south of the present entrance at the top of High Street. Girt, who visited Cardiff in 1188, describes the castle as being a noble one. It was then in perfect order, surroundedby high walls, and guarded by a strong force of soldiers and archers. In 1131, Llewellyn's forces succeeded in taking the castle, and in 1233 a body of Henry III's soldiers, under the Earl of Pembroke, were similarly successful. Cardiff came in for a share of the ravages of Owen Glenodwer, a Welsh chieftain, when he passed through Galmorganshire in 1410, and laid the whole country waste, for the purpose of defeating Henry IV's plan for invading Wales. At that time Cardiff contained a large number of friaries, all of which, with the exception of one dedicated to St. Francis (the friars of which were friendly disposed to Glendower), were razed to the ground, as well as the bishop's palace at Llandaff. During the civil wars of the Royalists and Roundheads, the castle was besieged by a force under Oliver Cromwell in 1648, and after three days' unsuccessful bombardment, admission was obtained, by the aid of a traitor, through a subterraneous passage. It is stated that formerly there existed a number ofsubterraneous passages communicating with the castle, and this statement is to some extent borne out by the circumstance that in 1856, during the construction of the town drainage, a stone passage 70 feet long was discovered, extending from the Cardiff Arms Hotel to within a short distance of the castle, where it was blocked up by a Gothic arch. At the present time the castle is in a fair state of preservation. A high wall runs parallel with the eastern side of the buildings and grounds, and along the inside ofthe wall is a fine promenade, at one time greatly resored to by the respectable residents of the town, but this walk has now been closed to the public for several years. The keep stands upon a mound about 50 feet high, at the northern end of the grounds, and though a ruin, it is carefully preserved from further decay. The entrance to the castle is by the southern gateway, alongside which is a fine tower, known as Curthose tower. The castle is situated on the western side. It was greatly modernised and renovated by the late Marquis of Bute, and has the appearance of a castellated mansion. It contains spacious accomodation, and distributed amongst the rooms are many portraits of the present marquis's ancestors, several of which are the work of Kneller, and one is by Vandyke. The present Marquis of Bute has spent large sums of money in extending and altering the castle, the erection of a tall and handsome tower at the south-west front, and two smaller towers on the western side; while the eastern front hasbeen completly altered in its appearance, and the internal arrangements improved and furnished in a style of princely magnificence.

The principal subject calling for attention in a short sketch of Cardiff is the astonishing progress which has taken place of late years in the commerce and population of the town, a progress which has been unexampled amongst the ports of the Bristol Channel, and one which has rendered Cardiff the metropolis of Wales. About 70 years ago Cardiff was inhabited by only 1,000 persons, and contained less than 350 houses. At that time the river Taff was of much more importance than it is now, having of late years had its course considerably diverted. For merly the river run close along St. Mary street, and the principal landing quay was near the present slaughter house. Then, as now, the chief commodities shipped were coal and iron, but the trade was, of course, of an insignificant character. Up to 1798 coal and iron were brought from Merthyr and Aberdare on the backs of mules, but the year mentioned witnessed the opening of the Glamorgan canal, a continuous water communication from Merthyrto Cardiff, 24 miles long. The shipping trade of that time was entirely coastwise, the idea of foreign clearances being then scarcely conceived, while the now famous smokeless Welsh steam coal was altogether unknown in foreign markets. In 1811 the population was 2,557; in 1821 the number had increased to 3,521; and in 1831 to 6,187; in which latter year 144 vessels cleared from Cardiff for foreign ports, and 1,790 for British ports. In 1841 the population had reached 10,077, and in 1851, 18,351, while in 1861the population of the borough was 32,954. In 1871 the population was 39,536, but adding to it the number of inhabitants of the immediate suburbs, Roath, Splotland, Canton and Grangetown, which were included in the borough by the Cardiff Improvement Act of 1875, the actual population of Cardiff at the present time (1879) is over 80, 000.

The coal trade is the mainspring of the commercial prosperity of Cardiff, and the cause of its rising importance. We are enabled by a careful examination of the montly trade reports and statistics published in the leading local paper - the South Wales Daily News - which devotes special attention to the subject, to lay before our subscribers some particulars of the rapid progress of the port of Cardiff. In 1835 the coal shipments coastwise ammounted to 123,279 tons, and the trade continued slowly to increase till 1840, when the total year's shipments reached 162,568 tons. In 1845 the coasting coal trade amounted to 414,159, and in the same year there were also exported to foreign ports 32,489 tons. Five years later (1850) the coasingtrade amounted to 497,695 tons, and the foreign trade to 213,697 tons. In 1855 the returns were 455,047 tons coastwise, and 793,827 tons foreign. From these figures will be seen the rapid progress of the foreign coal trade after it had been once fairly commenced, and they evince the favour and hold that the Welsh steam coals have gained in he continental markets. Continuing the yearly returns, we find the following result :-

Cardiff consequently stands first and Newcastle second in the foreign export of coal, while in the coasting trade she ranks fourth, Newcastle, Sunderland and Hartlepool taking precedence. The following table gives the principal exports from Cardiff during the first six months of 1879, as shown in the South Wales Daily News' July returns, from which will be seen the fluctuation which takes place in the trade at certain portion of the year :-

The number of vessels arriving at Cardiff every month varies from 800 to 1,000, of which from 350 to 400 are cleared in the custom house for foreign ports. Now about 12, 000 vessels leave the port annually, and the tonnage of vessels is more than double what it was ten years ago.

The West Bute Dock was opened for traffic in 1839, and was the first great undertaking which simulated the rise of Cardiff from the position of an insignificant seaport. Powers had been obtained a few years previous for the construction of the dock by the then Marquis of Bute, whose astonishing foresight as to the ultimate success of the undertaking was shared by very few. By the opening of the Taff Vale Railway in 1861, and the rapid development of the South Wales coal trade, new docks became imperative, and the year 1859 witnessed the completion of the East Bute Dock - which, with the west dock, is one of the grandest examples of private enterprise that this country presents. The East Bute Dock covers an area of 45a. 3r. 3p., is 25 feet deep, and varies from 500 to 300 feet in width. The length of the quays in 9,100 feet; the width of the sea gates is 55 feet; the height of the sill is 31ft. 8in. at spring tides, and 21ft. 7in. at neap tides. The sea lock is 220 feet long, and the inner lock, 200 feet. The west dock contains an area of 19a. 3r. 2p. The quays are 8,000 feet long. The sea gate is 45 feet wide, and the sill has 28ft. 8in. of water at spring tide, and 18ft. 7in. at neap tide. The entrance lock is 152 feet long, and 36 feet wide. In 1866 the trustees of the Marquis of Bute obtained an Act, after much opposition, for important new dock works. The works embody several different features, viz. :- (1) The Construction of a low water pier, running towards Penarth, a distance of 1,200 feet; (2) the dredging and enlargement of the entrance channel and river bed to a depth sufficient to leave seven feet of water at the new pier at the lowest state of the tide; and (3) the marking of a large tidal basin on the site of the old tidal harbour, 1,000 feet long by 500 feet wide; 11 acres in extent, and 36 feet deep at high water. In the new basin there are 12 large tips on the North and West sides, which are capable of loading the largest ocean steamers afloat. This causes a considerable saving to Government, in supplying coal to ships of the line. Formerly the coal was sent from Cardiff to the Government depot, where it was placed on board hulks, and thence lifted by cranes on board the men of war. The new basin is much used by the large steamers and sailing vessels entering the port in consequence ofgreater depth of water at the entrance and rapidity with which the loading, carried on by hydraulic power, is effected. The low water pier, although intended to open a short and direct communication between the West of England and the North, is but little used. The success attending the establishment of the Bute Docks naturally led to the creation of further dock accomodation, and in June, 1865, the Penarth Harbour, Dock, and Railway Company opened a new dock at Penarth. This dock is situated near the commencement of the entrance channel which leads straight to the Bute Docks, and took nearly seven years to construct, owing to a dispute between the company and Messrs. Smith, Knight and Co., the contractors. The dock is 2,100 feet long, and370 feet wide, enclosing an area of 17.5 acres in extent. The basin is 400 feet long by 330 feet wide, and its area is three acres. The lock is 270ft. long and 60ft. wide; the entrance gates are 60 feet in width. The depth of water on the sill of the sea gates at spring tides is 35 feet, and at neap tides is 25 feet. The dock contains ten coal drops, all of which are estimated to load 150 tons of coal per hous. The dock gates, coal drops, capstans, and everything requiring mechanical force are worked by hydraulic power. The dock and railway (which joins the Taff Vale Railway about three miles north of Cardiff) have been leased by the Taff Vale Railway Company, who have been able to attract a large shipping trade to the dock. Every week a number of steamers arrive in the dock, which contains peculiar facilities for quickly loading coal, and frequently very large steamers come in by one tide, take in a large cargo of coal and leave by the next tide.

Cardiff is a well-built and compact town, having several good streets, which are kept clean, well paved, and gas-lighted, and upon the whole, it may be said to boast a respectable and neat appearance. St. Mary street (in which is the Town Hall) is a particularly fine street, being of a breadth unusually great for a provincial town. This town was an ancient corporation, remodelled by the Municipal Reform Act; the corporate body consists of a mayor, six aldermen, and eighteen councillors, and isdivided into two wards - North and South. Three councillors in each ward go out of office annually, but are eligible for re-election. The qualification to vote is a rating for three years. The salary of the mayor is fixed at £200 per year, besides which, extra votes are frequently made to defray unusual expenses. By the Cardiff Improvement Act of 1875, the municipal borough was extended to include the parish of Roath, the district of Canton and Grangetown, and the corporate body was increased to forty. The town is divided into five wards - East, West, South, Canton and Routh. The county court is held twice every month for the recovery of debts to any amount not exceeding £50, the judge of which is Judge Herbert. This borough in conjunction with Cowbridge and Llantrissaint, sends one member to Parliament. The mayor is the returning officer, and the present representative is Lieutenant Colonel Stuart, cousin to the present Marquis of Bute. The county gaol, situated near Adams's down, is a substantial building, erected about twenty years since at an enormous cost. The town has two theatres - the "Royal," a very handsome new building in in St. Mary street, adjoining which is the Philharmonic building, which was originally designed as a concert room, but is now licensed as a theatre. The Stuart Hall, near the Hayes Bridge, and the Swiss Hall, Crockherbtown, are large and conveniently fitted up rooms, used for concerts and public entertainments. There is also a large building expressly as a circus, and opened as such during the winter season. The summer assizes and winter gaol delivery are held in the New Town Hall, St. Mary street, a handsome structure, admirably adapted to its use, and creditable to the liberality and public spirit of the town.

The newspapers published in the town consist of two daily papers and five weeklies; the South Wales Daily News, and Western Mail (daily), and the Cardiff Times, South Wales Weekly News, Weekly Mail, The Burgess (satirical paper), and Cardiff, Swansea, and Newport Shipping Gazette; some of which are conducted with unusual ability and business energy, and bear favourable comparison with the newspapers of much larger towns. The Taff Vale Railway from Cardiff to Merthyr has proved of great importance to these towns and the district. Originally but one set of rails was laid down, but the large increase of mineral and passenger traffic rendered another set necessary, and in some places four lines of rails are laid down, and now prodigious quantities of coal, iron and tin, besides a great number of persons, are conveyed on this useful line. It was constructed under the superintendence of that celebrated engineer, Mr. Brunel, and opened to the public in 1840. It has long been noted as one of the most ably-managed railways in the Kingdom - the trains as a rule being punctual to a minute, and the half-yearly dividend rarely less than 10 per cent per annum. The traffic receipts are about £8,000 a week. The scenery throughout its entire length is exceedingly fine. The South Wales Railway has given additional means of conveyance which greatly facilitate the commerce of the populous and commercial district of South Wales generally, by opening up a rail route in connectionwith the Great Western Railway, and London and North-Western, to the metropolis, and to the West and North of England. The Rhymney Railway affords quick communication between Cardiff, Caerphilly, Hengoed, Tyr Phil, and Rhymney, and is developing a large mineral traffic, which has been materially increased by the opening of a new main line from Caerphilly to Cardiff. By an act in the session of 1867, the company secured running powers over other railways, which gave them an entrance to the Aberdare valley - the great coal producing spot in South Wales. The traffic receipts on this railway now averages £2,500 weekly. The Glamorganshire canal has a passage into the Bristol channel - an outlet at one time of great convenience to the iron and coal works of thecounty. So successful has the canal been, that the company was enabled to return heavy bonuses to their freighters, and pay a dividend of from 15 to 25 per cent. The construction of the docks and increase in the size of vessels trading to the port have diverted the trade from the canal, and there is now but little business done there, the iron being usually sent to Cardiff docks by railway. The town and neighbourhood enjoy a considerable trade with Bristol and Burnham in grain, poultry, and various kinds of agricultural produce.

St. John's church, situated nearly in the centre of the two parishes, is an ancient edifice, with a finely proportioned and enriched tower, containing a peal of well-toned bells and musical chimes. The living is a vicarage, in the patronage of the Dean and Chapter of Gloucester, and is at present occupied by Rev. C. J. Thompson. By the untiring energy of his predecessor the Rev. D. Howell, "The Church" in Cardiff has been raised to a much more influential position than it occupied in former years. The church of St. Mary, erected near the top of Bute road, was completed in August, 1843. It is a neat structure, having two towers in the Norman style of achitecture; the living is in the gift of the Marquis of Bute, and is occupied by the Rev.G. A. Jones. A chapel of ease to St. John's called St. Andrew's, has been opened in the neighbourhood of Park place and Windsor place. This locality was still further improved by the opening in 1866, by Dr. Guthrie, of a very handsome English Presbyterian church, which cost over £4,000. It is one of the handsomest and most striking of the churches not connected with the Establishment. There are over forty other places of worship of religious denominations in which service, both in English and Welsh, is performed, including Independents, Baptists, Wesleyan and Calvinistic Methodists, and tow Roman Catholic chapels - the last named in Roath being a substantial and handsome building, in the Gothic style. The principal charities comprise an infirmary, in the Newport road, erected in 1836, at the sole expense of Daniel Jones, Esq. of Beaupree, at a cost of upwards of £4,000; and greatly enlarged in 1865; the union poorhouse, in the Cowbridge road, built at an expense of £7,500; and two or three public schools. Cardiff has its free library and museum, which is supported out of the municipal rates, at a cost of £1,000 a year. It is conducted by a committee of gentlemen, half of whom are town councillors; and the science and art classes held there in connection with the South Kensington Art and Science Department have been highly successful through the energetic efforts of Mr. Peter Price, the honorary secretary. The town hall reading room is largely resorted to and the savings bank is one of the most successful ofsuch institutions. A few years since the corporation of the town constructed, at an enormous expense, a new cemetery. It is situated about a mile from the town, and has been laid out in a very excellent manner. Numerous trees and plants have been cultivated throughout the grounds which during the summer season have a most attractive appearance. Immediately after passing the entrance gate, a fine pile of buildings presents itself to view - these being the church and nonconformist chapels, connected by a lofty and handsome tower. The Catholic chapel is situated in another part of the grounds. Amongst the institutions for the promotion of education may be mentioned the Catholic poor schools, seven in number, which educate about two thousand of the lowest class of children. Excellent baths have been built by a limited company, which contain two good sized swimming baths, besides numerous Turkish and warm water baths. The market days are Wednesday and Saturday; and the fairs are held on the second Wednesdayin March, April and May, the 29th of June, 19th of September, and 30th of November.

BLACKWEIR and MAINDY are situated about one mile N. from Cardiff; they contain works for the manufacture of patent fuel. At CATHAYS which now forms part of Cardiff, are the works of the Taff Vale Railway Company, also the cemetery for Cardiff, particulars of which are given with the account of that town. GABALVA, which comprises the hamlet of Maindy, forms an ecclesiastical district in the parish of Llandaff. The church is a neat stone edifice. There is also a National School.

CANTON is a large and prosperous suburb of Cardiff, about one mile distant therefrom, and a hamlet in the parish of Llandaff, from which it is distant about one mile. Cardiff union workhouse is situated here. A market for cattle is held monthly, and the fairs which were formerly held at Cardiff and Llandaff, the latter are held February 9th, Whit-Monday and Tuesday. The church of St. John is a plain stone edifice. Canton forms an ecclesiatical district in the parish of Llandaff, placed in the charge of a rector, the Rev. V. Saulez. There are also chapels for baptists, Independents, Wesleyan and Calvinistic Methodists, Welsh and English, and a National school.

ROATH is a parish and pleasant suburb, and now forms part of Cardiff. It contains many handsome villas, the residences of the merchants and the others of Cardiff. The parish church is a handsome cruciform building of Gothic design, built at the expense of the Lord Bute a few years since, the old edifice being a quaint plain structure, ill adapted for public worship, and but little in keeping with the elegant private residences which within the last ten years have been erected around it. It is situated about two miles from Cardiff, in the diocese of Llandaff. The living is a vicarage, in the patronage of the Marquis of Bute. Population in 1871, 7,991.

LECKWITH is a parish and village about two miles from Cardiff, its post town, and the same distance from Penarth, in the hundred of Dinas Powis, Cardiff union and county court district. The only place of worship is the parish church. The living is a rectory, annexed with Llandough, in the gift of the Marquis of Bute, who is also lord of the manor, and owner of the parish. Population in 1871, 169.

LLANEDARNE is an extensive parish in the hundred of Kibbor, 5 miles N.E. from Cardiff, its post town, union and county court district. The parish is watered on one side by the Rhymney, which forms the boundary of the counties of Glamorgan andMonmouth. The parish church is a plain building, with tower and five bells, the living, a vicarage, annexed to St. Mellon's in the gift of the Bishop and Dean and Chapter of Llandaff aternately. There is alsoa National school and a calvinistic chapel at Penygroes. Population in 1871, 318.

MARSHFIELD is parish in the county of Monmouth , 6.5 miles N.E. from Cardiff, its post town, hundred of Wentloog, union and county court district of Newport. The church of St. Mary is an ancient stone structure, with lofty tower and full peal of bells, and was thoroughly restored in 1867; the living is a vicarage, in the gift of the Dean and Chapter of Bristol. There are also chapels for Baptists and Wesleyan and Calvinistic Methodists, and a National school. Lord Tredegar is lord of the manor and principal landowner. Population in 1871, 553.

PETERSTONE is a parish in the county of Monmouth, about 6.5 miles S.S.W from Newport, and 6 E. from Cardiff, its post town, hundred of Wentloog, and county court district of Newport, situated on the Bristol Channel. The Great Western railway intersects the parish. The church of St. Peter is an old Gothic edifice, and was re-built in the twelfth century; it has a tower with six bells. The living is a vicarage, annexed to Marshfield, in the gift of the Dean and Chapter of Bristol. There is also a Baptist chapel and a Board school. Lord Tredegar and Colonel Wood are lords of the manor. Population in 1871, 174.

RUMNEY is a parish in the county of Monmouth, 3 miles from Cardiff, its post town, union and county court district, in the hundred of Wentloog, situated on the road from Cardiff to Newport, distant nine miles from the latter town. LordTredegar is lord of the manor. The South Wales railway intersects the parish. The living of the church is a vicarage, in the gift of the Dean and Chapter of Bristol. There is also a Welsh Wesleyan chapel and a National school. Population in 1871, 340.

ST. MELLONS is a parish also in the County of Monmouth, and on the road from Cardiff to Newport, 4.5 miles N.E. from Cardiff, its post town, union and county court district, hundred of Wentloog, and a polling place for the county. The river Rumney forms the western boundary of the parish. The church is an ancient stone building, and was repaired in 1868; the living is a vicarage, annexed to Llanedarne, in the gift of the Bishop and Dean and Chapeter of Llandaff alternately. Thereare also chapels for Independents, Baptists and Calvinistic Methodists, and a National school. Population in 1871, 641.

POST RECEIVING HOUSE, Marshfield, Herman Cawley, Post Master. - Letters are received from and desptached to Cardiff once daily.

POST RECEIVING HOUSE, St. Mellons, John Bennett, Post Master. - Letters are received from and despatched to Cardiff once daily.

Board Schools :-

Adamsdown Square - Meshach Burt, master; Mary Y. Blight, mistress; Eliza Martin, infants' mistress
Eleanor St. Docks - Evan Evans, master; Wilhelmina F. Baxter, mistress; Annie S. Clissold, infants' mistress
Millicent st - John Bowen, master
Peterstone - Benjamin P. Jones, master
Rumney - John Rowlands, master
South Church st. - William Greig, master; Lucy Nicholls, mistress
Wood st - James H. Green, master; Elizabeth Richards, mistress; Mary Green, infants' mistress

National Schools :-

Adamsdown road (St. James's) - William Seaward, master; Annie Hardwick, mistress; Sarah A. Manning, infants' mistress
Bute terrace (St. Mary's) - Frederick Mackadam, master; Charlotte Dicker, mistress; Cornelia Mackadam, infants' mistress
Cathays - Walter J. Talbot, master; Harriet Moreton, infants' mistress
Crockherbtown (St. John the Baptists') - Charles Hardwicke, master; Frances Bucknell, mistress; Elizabeth South, infants' mistress
Llanedarne - Emma Williams, mistress
Leckwith road, Canton (St. John's) - William Davies, master; Marion Davies, mistress; Jane Evans, infants' mistress
Lower Grange - Joseph J. Kiddle, master; Emily Barnett, mistress
Maindy - William J. Wiltshire, master
Metal st., Roath - Samuel Holliday, master; Elizabeth Morgan, mistress; Alice M. Fleeve, infants' mistress
Mount Street square - William Wilkes, master; Clara Cooper, mistress
St. Mellons - John Porter, master
Sanquhar st. East Moors - Elizabeth Mutter, mistress

Roman Catholic Schools :-

David st (St. David's) - Cornelius Davey, master; Sisters of Providence, mistress
Grangetown - Marion Kearney, mistress
St. Peter st., Roath (St. Peter's) - Eugene M ^c Carthy, master; Mary Duggan, mistress
Tyndall st. (St. Paul's) - Annie Hudson, mistress
Wyndham crescent, Canton - Jane Allitt, mistress

The Parade - Frank Farthing, master
Wellington st., Canton - Alfred Williams, master

Brown, Lennox & Co., 4 Dock chambers - Cooper & Edward Penn, agenets; works Pontypridd
Wood, Aston & Co. ( Stourbridge), 2 Dock chambers - William E. Nance, agent

Bernard C. E. & S. Rooney, 16 & 17 Queen's chambers
Blessley Walter D., 22 Trinity st
Curry Adolph, James st., Docks
Cutlan Frederick, Swiss chambers, 64 Crockherbtown
Gaskell William, 16 Crockherbtown
Habershon & Fawckner ( London), Pearl st
Harris Henry C. (and surveyor to the Penarth Local Board), 76 St. Mary st
Hutchins W. Justin, 18 High st
James, Seward & Thomas (& valuers), 16 St. John st
Price Peter, 3 Crockherbtown
Rigg Charles, 24 Duke st
Robinson George E., 17 Church st
Taylor Charles, 64 Crockherbtown

Ackland William, Cowbridge rd., Canton
Ayliffe Thomas, Friend's place
Coles Charles, Ivor place, Newtown
Colman William, Cottles rd., Splotlands
Coslett Edward, Marchfield
Courtney Robert, Talbot Arms yard
Cross Brothers, 3 St. Mary st
Dunn William, 76 Helen st., Splotlands
Dyer Pharaoh, 107 Castle rd., Roath
Fry Sarah, North rd
Hailes John, Dudley st
Hughes William & Son, Westgate st
Jenkins Richard, Working st
Jenkins Richard, Mill lane
Jenkins William, 46 St. Mary st
John James, 25 Working st
Jones John A., Mill lane
Lewis David, Llanedarne
Lewis James, Cottles rd., Roath
Marley Thomas, Lower Station ter
Morgan & Williams, Leckwith rd., Canton
Reed Williams S., 6 Canal wharf East
Sampson George, Penarth rd
Thomas Hezekiah, Cowbridge rd., Canton
Vokes Thomas W. (farrier), Dudley st
Vokes William (shoeing smith and farrier), 19 Working st
Williams Rees, St. Mellons

Aye & Co., 162 Bute st
Brailli & Co., 63 Bute st., Docks
Brukewich Selig, 113 Bute st., Docks
Elliott Joseph & Sons, 119 Bute st., Docks, and 48 Bute st
Fogwill Samuel E., 58 James st., Docks
Frazer & Co., Britannia buildings, Docks
Gibson Brothers, 114 Bute st., Docks
Jenkins Sydney D., 151 Bute st
Maggi Joseph, 153 Bute st
Morteo Brothers, 2 Stuart st., Docks
Peake Luke S., North end, West Bute dock
Toleman & England, 168 Bute st
Trotter T. R. & Sons, 132 Bute st., Docks
Webb G. F. & Co., head of West Bute dock
Williams David R., 45 Bute st

Ayres Ida C., 68 Bute st., Docks
Batten John L., 292 Bute st
Cameron John, 27 Wandsworth st., Roath
Dobbin Edwin (and Christian Knowledge Society's depot), 2 St. Mary st
Haynes Thomas (& nautical), 6 James st., Docks
Hogg John, 66B Crockherbtown
Jones & Son (& agents to the Cheque Bank, Limited), 38 St. Mary st., & 1 & 3 Royal arcade, and 4 Green st., Neath
Jones William (and printer and binder), 6 Duke st
Lewis William (and agent for the Ordnance Survey maps), 22 Duke st
Morgan Hannah, 66 Bute st., Docks
Shapcott Abraham, 14 Castle rd., Roath
Smith Charles, 138 Clifton st., Splotlands
Thomas Philemon (& second hand), 14 Church st
Williams E. A. & Co. (& nautical books, charts, maps, &c.), Mount Stuart terrace, Bute docks

Hale T. M. & Co., East side of West Bute dock
M ^cCallum D. B., jun., between East & West Dock basins

Bird Charles, 27 Cowbridge rd., Canton
Coles John, 19 Davis st
Day Robert, 30 Mount Stuart square
Dix George, 171 Castle rd., Roath
Elliott Alfred, 13 Richmond terrace, Park place
Elliott John, 25 Windsor place
Gazzard Geo., 34 Lower Cathedral rd
Haynes Thomas, 6 James st., Docks
Jackson & Sons, St. Mary st
Jeffries Edwin, 18 Moira place, Splotlands
Jones Brothers, Park st
Jones Thomas, Penarth rd
Lock Francis S., 4 Westgate st - See advertisement
Matthews William, 5 Nelson terrace
Milton John, Cowbridge rd
Price & Evans, St. Peter st. and 9 Castle road, Roath
Price Richard, 1 Tresilian terrace
Purnell & Fry, Constellation st., Roath
Purnell James, 183 Castle rd., Roath
Rees Daniel, 17 Great Frederick st
Shepton Samuel, Sandon road - See advertisement
Smith & Pring, 81 Partridge rd., Roath
Thorne Richard, 29 Cowbridge road, Canton
Williams Daniel, 6 Clive rd., Canton
Williams Thomas, Llandaff rd., Canton

Corfield & Morgan (all kinds of building materials), The Parade - See advertisement
Davies & Co., Canal wharf West
Evans William, Canal wharf West
Sessions J. & Sons (encaustic tiles, terra metallic roofing & flooring tiles, stoneware pipes, chimney tops, fire goods, &c.), Canal wharf East, & Docks, Gloucester - See advertisement
Shepton Samuel, Sandon road - See advertisement
Slocombe James & Co. (& cement & marble merchants), East st. & Canal side end of North Church st

Atkins John, 50 Clifton st., Splotlands
Atkins Margaret, 25 Meteor st., Splotlands
Atkins William, 94 Cowbridge road, Canton
Barnett John, 50 Bedford st., Roath
* Barton Benjamin, 12 Frederica st
* Barton John, 4 Quay st
Bellamy William, 16 Meteor st., Splotlands
Bussell Albert, 57 Constellation st., Splotlands
Candy Frederick, 26 Bute terrace
Chaffin Richard, 31 Adam st
Chamberlain James, 50 Cowbridge rd., Canton
Chamberlain John, 121 Cowbridge rd., Canton
* Chappel John, 41 James st
Chorley John, 8 System st., Splotlands
Clode Fred B., 96 Bute st., Docks
Clode Wm., 99 Bute st., Docks
Cornwell Wm. B., 111 Bute st., Docks
* Crockford Edmund, 139 Clifton st., Splotlands
Daniels Samuel, 44 Crockherbtown
Dare Richard, 14 Bridge st
Davis Thomas, 2 Castle rd., Roath
Dolman John, 57 Broadway, Splotlands
Dyer Joseph, 70 Millicent st
* Evans Robert M., 17 Castle rd., Roath
Everett William, 54 Knole st., Grangetown
* Fry William, 62 Bridge st
Gerrish William M., St. Mellons
Gibbs Robert, 299 Bute st
Grey Samuel, 3 James st
Griffiths William, 1 Brook st
* Haggett George, 28 Clifton st., Splotlands
* Hales Robert, 40 Caroline st
* Hammond henry S., 288 Bute st
Harris Charles, 37 Castle rd., Roath
Hopkins George, 20 The Hayes
Hurford John, 18 James st
Hurford William, 54 James st
Hurley Thomas, 52 Bridge st
Hutchings Robert, 67 Castle rd., Roath
James David R., 48 Wellington st., Canton
Jenkins Lewis, 4 Patrick st
John Thomas D., 11 James st
Johnston David S., 8 Victoria place
* Jones Thomas, 133 Cowbridge road, Centon [sic.]
Kruger Wm., 139 Wellington st., Canton
Kyte Benjamin, 44 Caroline st
Kyte Christopher, 382 Bute st
Kyte William, 7 Queen st
Lawrence Thomas W., 71 Castle road, Roath
Lewis John, Rumney
M ^cKay Elizabeth, 67 Shakespere street, Roath
Martin Ann, 53 Wood st
* Martin David C., Knole st., Grangetown
* Nicholls John, 1 Wellington st., Canton
* Oram Thomas, 12 Adam st
Parsons John, 65 Oakley st., Lower Grangetown
* Pasley Fredk., 19 Moira place, Splotlands
* Phillips Edward, 3 Wood st
Pitman Edmund, 8 Adam st
Pleydell Richard G., 3 Sanquhar st
Pow Robert, 43 Maria st
Pring Isaac, 136 Clifton st., Splotlands
Prout W. H., 45 Sophia st
Rees Chas., 113 Clifton st., Splotlands
* Richards Joseph, 16 & 24 Bridge st
* Richards William, 21 West Bute st
* Sparkes Charles, 21 Moira terrace, Splotlands
Stadleman William, 84 Shakespere st., Roath
Standfast Webb, 3 Cathays terrace
Stickler Thomas, 45 Castle rd., Roath
* Stoodley George, 58 Castle rd., Roath
Taylor Humphrey, 9 Stuart st
Tucker James, 32 Maria st
Vaughan Matthew, 261 Bute st
Viney Wm., 45 Cowbridge rd., Canton
Wadley Henry, 111 Cowbridge road, Canton
Ward Frederick, 49 James st
Warford Edward, 12 Wood st
Watkins Robert, 12 Great Frederick st
Whale Frederick, 3 St. John st
White Job, 8 Broadway, Splotlands
White Wm., 124 Clifton st., Splotlands
Williams John, 20 Queen st
Windmill Charles, 132 Clifton st., Splotlands
Winn John R., 14 James st

Berry Nathaniel & Co., 76 Crockherbtown
Davies John, 7 St. John st
James Brothers, 98 Wellington street, Canton
James Thomas N., 3 & 4 Working st
Knight Henry, Castle rd., Roath
Lacey Saml., 46 Cowbridge rd., Canton
Lewis Daniel & Son (& general house furnishers), 24, 25 & 26 High st
Lewis Isaac, 240 Bute st
Seymour Thomas, Eisteddfod st
Tallboy James E., 171 Bute st
Thorn Joseph, Havelock st
Thorn William H., Havelock st
Wadley Thomas, 146 Clifton st., Splotlands

* Anthony David, 39 Mary st. and 43 Crockherbtown
Cochrane Matthew H. (analytical), 40 Mount Stuart square
Coleman & Co., 8 High st
Collier John A., 55 James st., and 29 Sevenoaks st., Lower Grangetown
Conybear John, 61 Oakley st., Lower Grangetown
Davies Ellen, 59 James st., Docks
Drane Robert, F.L.S., 8 Queen st
Furnivall Wm., 69 Castle rd. Roath
Gerard Gaston, 10 Stuart st
Hancock Eliza, 40 Castle rd., Roath, & 26 Flora st., Cathays
Hollway Albert B., 65 St. Mary st
* Howell Thomas, 255 Bute st
Jones John Abraham, 143 Clifton st., Splotlands
Jones John T., 226 Bute st
* Joy Francis William, 21 Duke st
Kernick & Son (and depot for Kernick's family medicines), 28 Duke st
Knox Nathaniel, 76 Broadway, Splotlands
Lloyd David, 1 Adam st
Mumford Richard, 17 Meteor st., Roath
Phillips John, 127 Cowbridge road, Canton
Procter & Powell, 1 High st. & Duke st
Prust Richard, 148 Clifton st., Splotlands
Rees John, 285 Bute st
Robb John, 127 Clifton st., Splotlands
Sanders William J., 15 Crockherbtown
Thomas Joseph W. (analytical), Canal wharf West
Treharne & Duck, 104 Bute st., Docks
Williams Thomas, 11 Bute st
Williams William T., 39 Bridge st., and 14 Moira terrace, Splotlands
Williamson James E., 208 & 300 Bute st
Yorath Thomas V., 114 Cowbridge rd., Canton, & 44 Stuart st

Adams William (and mining), Cambridge House, Park place
Bassett Alexander (and surveyor of the county of Glamorgan, and mining engineer to the Rt. Hon. Lord Tredegar), 4 Church st
* Batchelor Henry, 7 Dumfries place
Bell James, 63 Conway rd., Canton
Bowen Henry (to the Cardiff Gas Light Co.), Bute terrace
* Boyer Robert S., 9 Bute crescent
Brewer John W. (and mining), 2 Westbourne crescent
Brown & Adams (and mining), 9 St. Mary st
Burton Clerke, 22 Oakfield st., Roath
Curry Adolph, James st., Docks
* Daw Samuel, 6 Mount Stuart square
* Deacon Peter, 32 West Bute st., Docks
Daniel Daniel Herbert (and mining), 45 Crockherbtown
Evans Thomas, Consulate chambers, Bute st., Docks
Fisher George (Taff Vale Railway Co.), Crockherbtown
Gooch Henry (to the Cardiff Waterworks Co.), 10 Charles st
* Griffiths James E., 11 Mount Stuart sq
* Hunter Charles L., 1 Mount Stuart sq
* Jackson James A., Swiss chambers, Crockherbtown
* Jacobs Charles M., 126 Bute st., Docks
Lawrence Arthur, 72 Crockherbtown
M ^cConnochie John (to the Marquis of Bute), 16 Bute crescent, Docks
O'Rourke Michael Spain, 7 Southey st., Roath
Price Watkin (mechanical), 5 Pembroke ter
Rhind John, 28 Wordsworth st., Roath
* Robson James M., 133 Bute st., Docks
Southern Robert W. A. (mining), 41 The Parade
Thomas Thomas, 19 The Parade
Waring Thomas, 12 St. John st
Whyte Peter (manager of the Bute Gas Works), 16 Bute crescent, Docks; works, East Moors
Winby Clifford E., Dumfries Cottage, Ely road, Canton

Aberdare & Plymouth Coal Co. Limited, 34 West Bute st., Docks - William Davies, agent; collieries, Aberdare and Merthyr
Aberdare Coal Co., 8 Bute crescent - Evan Lewis, managing partner; collieries, Aberdare
Aberdare Merthyr Steam Coal Co., 59 Mount Stuart square - James Strick & Sons, agents; collieries, Hirwaun, near Aberdare
Aberdare Rhondda Steam Coal Co. Limited, 37 West Bute st., Docks - collieries, Aberdare and Ystradyfodwg
+ Angel William & Co., 148 Bute st
Beavan Ebenezer, 36 West Bute st., Docks
+ Begg Michael J. & Co., 21 Mount Stuart square
Beynon Thomas & Co., 129 Bute st., Docks
Booker Thomas William & Co. Limited, 143 Bute st - James E. Williams, agent; collieries, near Pontypridd
+ Bowen & Evans, Consulate chambers, Bute road
+ Brain George, Clyde Villa, Newport rd
+ Bregeon Eugene, 1 Dock chambers
Brogden John & Sons, 4 Dock chambers; collieries, Aberdare
+ Burness James & Sons, 3 Bute crescent
Burnyeat, Brown & Co. Limited, 5 Bute crescent; collieries Aberdare
Bute Merthyr Collieries Office, 1 Dock chambers - Samuel James, agent; collieries, Treherbert
Bwllfa & Merthyr-Dare Colliery Co. Limited, 4 Dock chambers - Robert T. Gibbs, manager; collieries, Aberdare
Bwllfa Colliery Co., 5 Dock chambers
+ Calaminus Augustus, 118 High st., Docks
+ Capper, Alexander & Co., 5 Mount Stuart square
Cardiff & Swansea Steam Coal Co. Limited, James st., Docks - Cory Brothers & Co., agents; collieries, Pentre and Resolven
+ Carrell Francis P., 25 Mount Stuart sqaure
Cartwright William S., 26 Mount Stuart square; collieries, Llancaiach near Pontypridd
+ Cassisa Francis & Co., James st., Docks
* Coedcae Coal Co. Limited (No. 3 Rhondda), 37 West Bute st. , Docks - Robert Hooper, secretary; works, Rhondda Valley
* Coffin & Co., Britannia buildings, Bute docks - Lewellen Wood, manager; works, Dinas Colliery, Pontypridd
Cooper & Edward Penn, 4 Dock chambers
+ Coppock John G., 29 Mount Stuart square
+* Cory Brothers & Co., James st., Docks
Cory's Merthyr smokeless steam coal, James st., Docks - Cory Brothers & Co., sole shippers
Cwmaman Coal Co., Primavesi chambers, James st., Docks - P. H. Coward, agent; collieries, near Aberdare
Davies David & Co., 11 Bute crescent; John O. Riches, commercial manager, Thomas Webb, secretary; Ocean Steam Coal Collieries, Ystrad, Rhondda Valley, &c.
Davis D. & Sons (Ferndale smokeless steam coal), 7 Bute crescent
* Davis, Fry & Co., 113 Bute st., Docks - collieries, Maesteg, near Bridgend
+ Decandia S. & Co., 68 Bute st., Docks
Dinas Main Coal Co., Primavesi chambers, James st., Docks; collieries, Ogmore Valley
Dowlais Iron Co., 2 Dock chambers - Sydney S. Howard, agent; collieries, Dowlais, near Merthyr
+ Down Frederick P. & Co., 9 Mount Stuart square
* Downing Edward C. (merchant), Consulate chambers, Bute docks
Ebbw Vale Steel, Iron & Coal Co. Limited, 36 West Bute st., Docks
+ Edwards W. Y., 195 Bute st., Docks
Ellis RIchard, 132 Upper George st
Energlyn Coal Co., 37 West Bute st., Docks - Robert Hooper, agent; collieries, near Caerphilly
Evans C. H. & Co., 16 Crockherbtown
Farthing John J., 103 Castle rd., Roath
Fowler's Steam Coal Co. Limited, 1 Dock chambers; collieries, Pontypridd
Gibbs Thomas B., 9 Landaff rd., Canton
* Glamorgan Coal Co. Limited (& fire brick makers), 6 Bute crescent - collieries, Llwynypia, Gilfach, and Penrhiwfer, near Pontypridd * Great Western Colliery Co. Limited, 35 West Bute st., Docks - William Jones, agent; collieries, Gyfeillion, Pontypridd
+ Gueret L. & H., 5 Dock chambers
Guest & Co., 2 Dock chambers - Sydney S. Howard, agent; collieries, Dowlais, near Merthyr
+ Haime Jabez M., 136 Bute st., Docks
+ Hancock Edward, Consulate chambers, Bute st., Docks
+ Handcock Edmund, junr., 7 Mount Stuart square
Harris Navigation Coal Co. Limited, 5 Dock chambers - Rees Jones, manager; works, Quaker's yard
Harris William H., 15 Mount Stuart square
+ Harrison Brothers & Moore, 4 Dock chambers
Hendredenny Llantwit Colliery Co., 19 Mount Stuart square - S. N. Johnson & Co. agents; collieries, near Caerphilly
+ Hoffmann J. & Co., 41 Mount Stuart square
Hollyer John S. & Co., 123 Bute st., Docks
Howe & Trevellick, 32 West Bute st., Docks
+ Hurley, Matthews & Co., 28 Mount Stuart square
* Insole George & Son, 3 Bute crescent; collieries, Porth, Rhondda Valley
+ Jenkins Sydney D., 151 Bute st., Docks
+ Johnson S. N. & Co., 19 Mount Stuart square
+ Jones Brothers & Co., 130 Bute st., Docks
Jones G. W., Head & Ingram, 71 Bute st., Docks
Jones Moredcai (Nantmelyn Merthyr steam coal), 39 Mount Stuart square - William Burrow, agent; collieries, near Aberdare
Jones Thomas, Consulate chambers, Bute rd; collieries, Rhondda Valley
+ Jugo & Co., 4 Mount Stuart square
+ Krieger Max, 6 Mount Stuart square
Lewis John, 22 Lily st., Roath, & Taff Vale Railway yard, Newtown
Llantwit & Black Vein Coal Co. Limited, 105 Bute st., Docks - Ogleby & Davies, agents; collieries, Caerphilly
Llantwit Red Ash Coal Co. Limited, 37 West Bute st., Docks - Robert Hooper, secretary; collieries, Llantrissant
Llynvi, Tondu & Ogmore Coal & Iron Co.