• A very useful Dictionary of Occupational Terms was available on CD from the Open University. Some copies may still be available through the Family and Community Historical Research SocietyFACHRS) or you may find a it among your local FH Society's resources. This CD reproduces the 1927 Ministry of Labour guide to occupational terms used in the 1921 census. Although this is a 20th century publication, many of the terms are unchanged from their 19th century usage.

  Peter Christian has recently (Q4 2016) made this available as an online database

• Rodney Hall also has a page listing old occupational terms.

• The web site of the English Family Tree Association also had a list of old occupational terms. That web site has disappeared but here is a snapshot from the Internet Archive.

• The National Archives (TNA) web site includes a collection of Research Guides many of which relate to occupations. It is also worth submitting an occupation as a search term to TNA's Discovery.

• Public Houses, Inns and Taverns: This site gives historic information on many Pubs, Inns, Taverns & Beer Houses across the country.

• Two useful books about agricultural practice and implements are The Land of England by Dorothy Hartley and Woodland Crafts in Britain by Herbert L.Edlin (ISBN 0715358529).

• A more general book on the subject is A Dictionary of Old Trades, Titles and Occupations by Colin Titford and John Waters

• George's: Canal Boating in the U.K. and Europe website provides maps of navigable canals in England and Wales. The CANAL-PEOPLE and the ENG-CANAL-PEOPLE Mailing Lists are valuable resource for those with ancestors who were canal workers or barge owners.

Clergy

The Clergy of the Church of England Database (CCEd) - http://theclergydatabase.org.uk/ - is a collaborative project to create a relational database documenting the careers of all Church of England clergymen between 1540 and 1835.

Pianoforte Makers

This is for you if you have pianoforte makers in your ancestry

Sportsmen/women

The ESPN CricInfo site has a database of Cricketers who played for the England team.

Tailors

This work (by Galton, published 1896) is primarily about trade unionism but specifically concerns the tailoring trade and journeyman tailors from about 1720 onwards:
http://www.archive.org/stream/selectdocumentsi00galtiala

[including Gunsmiths, Gunlock makers and Gunbarrel makers]

Stan Cook established the Gunmakers & Allied Trades Index in 1982. As of April 2004 over 9000 surnames are listed, covering a total of at least 25,000 individual workers. The index continues to grow at the rate of about thirty names each month, and additional information most welcome.

The collection has information about gun trade people working in the U.K. from the start of the trade before 1500 up to 1901. The sources include parish and church records, many trade directories, various census records, the documents of the Board of Ordnance, the registers of the London Gunmakers' Company, apprenticeship records, patent listings and a variety of publications.

The database includes a complete index of the London Gunmakers' Company apprentice records from 1656 to 1902; an index of the gunmakers listed in the Inland Revenue Apprentice Stamp Duty records, 1710-1775; a list of the gun trade people who were listed in the 1851 census of Devon, Norfolk, Gloucestershire, Warwickshire and large parts of other counties; a list of at least 600 Wills of guntrade people. Information about various fire insurance policies taken out by gunmakers. An index of the guntrade people recorded in the 1881 census [over 7300 names] of the UK [this includes Scotland and the Isle of Man, Jersey and Guernsey]. So far the names of about 2000 guntrade workers have been collected from the 1901 census. These are obviously subject to the special copyright provisions of this particular census.

Beyond the UK records, the records of guntrade people [mostly of UK or Irish origins] in Australia, Canada, Ireland, South Africa and some parts of the USA, along with the records of a number of British Trading organisations such as the Hudson Bay Company and British East India Company, have also been researched.

Due to illness Stan Cook is currently not actively researching or responding to queries.  The records are being prepared with the intention of (hopefully) making them more widely available when time permits.  In the meantime the email address below is still active.

e-mail address: gunmakers_cook20@btinternet.com

General

Full text of A Dictionary of Occupational Terms Based on the Classification of Occupations used in the Census of Population [for Great Britain], 1921 - "by far the most comprehensive dictionary of British occupations, with almost 30,000 terms".

Hurley, Beryl, (Ed.). The Book of Trades: Or Library of Useful Arts: Vol 1, Devizes, Wiltshire, Wiltshire Family History Society (1991) 63 pp. [ISBN 0951225340]
[FFHS GENFair: "Reproduction of 'job descriptions' giving fascinating descriptions of the many labour- intensive occupations and crafts of the late 18th and early 19th centuries, Taken from the original 1811 edition, with numerous hand-engraved illustrations. This volume looks at the work of Apothecaries, Bakers, Basket Makers, Bricklayers, Carpenters, Coach Makers, Comb Makers, Coopers, Curriers, Dyers, Feather Workers, Gardeners, Gold Beaters, Hair Dressers, Hat Makers, Jewellers, Lace Makers, Mariners, Milliners, Plumbers, Potters, Sawyers, Shipwrights, Smiths, Spinners, Stone Masons, Straw Hat Makers, Soap Boilers, Tallow Chandlers, Type Founders, Watermen, and Wool Combers"]

Hurley, Beryl, (Ed.). The Book of Trades: Or Library of Useful Arts: Vol 2, Devizes, Wiltshire, Wiltshire Family History Society (1992) 63 pp. [ISBN 0951225359]
[FFHS GENFair: "Reproduction of 'job descriptions' giving fascinating descriptions of the many labour- intensive occupations and crafts of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Taken from the original 1811 edition, with numerous hand-engraved illustrations. This volume covers Bookbinders, Braziers, Brewers, Brick Makers, Brush Makers, Button Makers, Cabinet Makers, Calico-Printers, Carpet Weavers, Copper-Plate Printers, Cork Cutters, Cutters, Engravers, Glass Blowers, Iron Founders, Ladies' Dress Makers, Merchants, Needle Makers, Painters, Paper Makers, Paviours, Pin Makers, Printers, Rope Makers, Saddlers, Shoe Makers, Statuaries, Stocking Weavers, Tailors, Tin-Plate Workers, Trunk Makers, Turners, Watch Makers, Weavers, Wheelwrights, and Wire Drawers."]

Hurley, Beryl, (Ed.). The Book of Trades: Or Library of Useful Arts: Vol 3, Devizes, Wiltshire, Wiltshire Family History Society (1994) 52 pp. [ISBN 1898714029]
[FFHS GENFair: "Reproduction of 'job descriptions' giving fascinating descriptions of the many labour- intensive occupations and crafts of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Taken from the 1818 edition, with numerous hand-engraved illustrations. This volume looks at Attorneys, Bleachers, Booksellers, Chemists & Druggists, Confectioners, Distillers, Gun Makers, Linen Drapers, Looking-Glass Makers, Machinists, Musical Instrument Makers, Opticians, Pewterers and Tanners."]

Raymond, Stuart A. Occupational sources for genealogists: a bibliography, Birmingham, Federation of Family History Societies (1996) 81 pp. [ISBN: 1860060366]
[FFHS GENFair: "Were your English ancestors railwaymen or tradesmen, lawyers or tax inspectors? Or perhaps you have pipemakers or policemen amongst your forebears? It is probable that at least some members of your family are listed somewhere by the occupation they pursued, and it is well worth knowing where such information is to be found. There are many published sources of occupational information, which are listed in the second, greatly expanded, edition of this extensive guide to published works."]

Shepheard, Wayne. The History of Old Occupations. Family Tree Magazine (March 2019) pp.12-19. "[Investigation of] the history of occupations, key sources, and the cultural and climatic background against which the times played out . . ." 

Waters, Colin and Titford, John. A Dictionary of Old Trades, Titles and Occupations, Countryside Books (2002) 302 pp. [ISBN 1 85306 601 X] ["This excellent reference book explains the meaning of nearly 4,000 terms and contains over 70 illustrations."]

• The Black Sheep Index to people named in newspaper articles and journals organsed under various headings, including a number of occupations - copies of the original reports are available for purchase (archived copy).
• John Hitchcocks's Glossary of Ranks, Professions, Occupations & Trades (archived copy).
• Obsolete Occupations from Olive Tree Genealogy
• Old Occupations from the USGenWeb Project
• Old Occupation Names from Rodney Hall
• Occupations Glossary from ScotlandsPeople
• Old English Census Occupations from the World Through The Lens website.
• Jane Hewitt's Dictionary of Old Occupations
• Colin Mackie's Directories - of British Diplomats, British Civil Servants (1900-), British Armed Forces (1860-), Composers, and U.S. Senators (1863-).
• The ABCs of Old Time Occupations by Jenny Ashcraft.

Accountants

• Obituaries and other biographical notes/profiles - from ICAEW Library and Information Service .

Agriculture

Armstrong, A. Farmworkers: A Social and Economic History 1770-1980, Batsford (1988).

Fussell, G.E and Fussell, K.R. The English Countrywoman: From Tudor Times to the Victorian Age, Blomsbury Books (1985).

Hammond, J.L. and Hammond, Barbara. The Village Labourer, 1760-1832, Sutton Publishing (1987) 432 pp. [ISBN: 0862993458]
[John Woodgate: "The Village Labourer focuses specifically on the life of the poor in rural districts during the period 1760 - 1832. It illustrates in detail what was happening to this section of the working classes under a government in which they had no share. Opening with a chapter describing the concentration of power, the authors go on to explain the common-field system and village class structure which set the scence for what must be considered the most important social and economic event of the periof - enclosure. Subsequent chapters examine its inception, implementation and effects. the book concludes with a picture of the village labourer's plight in 1795, together with a discussion of the remedies which were proposed but not adopted. Desite the importance which is placed on enclosure, there is a full consideration of other contributory factors, making this a valuable introduction to an understanding of the lives and fortunes of a class that had no voice in its own destiny."]

Waller, Ian. My Ancestor was an Agricultural Labourer, Society of Genealogists (2010). [ISBN: 9781903462980]

• Anyone with ancestors involved in farming may find the British Agricultural History Society of interest.
• The Mills Archive provides a searchable database of more than 30,000 names of millers, millwrights and associated trades, assembled by volunteers from original data.
• The Museum of English Rural Life's online catalogue of their extensive collections.
• The Village Labourer 1760-1832 (archived copy), by J.L. and Barbara Hammond.

Apprentices

• National Archives Leaflet: Looking for records of an apprentice or master.

Artists

• Invaluable Group Ltd. - though aimed principally at providing art and antique auction data, this site's Artists Database provides a searchable index to information, in some cases extensive, about "500,000 international artists". (And the facility for searching on objects can be used to look for placename information.)

Blacksmiths

• History of Blacksmithing from Oldfield Forge, Hereford.
• The Worshipful Company of Blacksmiths.
• Ann Spiro's Blacksmiths Index

Brickmakers

• British Brick Society.

Brushmakers

• Society of Brushmakers' Descendants - "a Historical Society/Family History Society that specialises in the brush/broom making trades and those who have worked therein for the past few hundred years."
• Brushmakers Union Archives at the Working Class Movement Library.

Canal People

• Family History Checklist, from the London Canal Museum.
• Waterways History by Jim Shead.
• Canal and River Trust Archive - "Explore over 200 years of waterways history! "
• Railway & Canal Historical Society - web-site.
• ENG-CANAL-PEOPLE Mailing List

Church Officials

P. Towey. My Ancestor was an Anglican Clergyman. Society of Genealogists (2006).

• The Clergy of The Church of England database - "Its objective is to create a relational database documenting the careers of all Church of England clergymen between 1540 and 1835."
• Crockford's Clerical Directory - "first published in 1858, contains biographies of over 25,000 Anglican clergy in the UK, details of English, Welsh and Irish benefices and churches and much more. This online version carries information that goes right back to 1968." (Paid subscription required.)
• Mundus - "a web-based guide to more than four hundred collections of overseas missionary materials held in the United Kingdom."
• Steve Pickthall's Parish Clerk Index, derived initially mainly from the book "The Parish Clerk", by PH Ditchfield (Metheun, London, 1907).

Clothiers

Frank, M. and Brownstone, David M. Clothiers (A Volume in the Work Throughout History Series), Facts on File Publications (1987). [ISBN 0-8160-1442-6] [Covers: Cloth Finishers, Fiber Workers, Hatters, Milliners, Shoemakers & Other Leatherworkers, Spinners, Tailors & Dressmakers and Weavers]

Court Officials

• Database of Court Officers (1660-1837).

Criminals

We all have the occasional "black-sheep" in our families. This publication may help us to document their careers:-
D.T. Hawkins. Criminal Ancestors: A Guide to Historical Crime Records in England and Wales. Stroud, Alan Sutton, 1992, 458 pp. ISBN 0 86299 817 4.

• Smuggler's Britain - extensive information about smuglers and their haunts.

Customs, Excise, Coastguard

• National Archives Leaflet: The Coastguard
• National Archives Leaflet: Looking for records of a Customs officer
• National Archives Leaflet: CExcise and Inland Revenue Officers
• H.M. Coastguards - A brief history, based on "Coastguard! An Official History Of HM Coastguard" by William Webb.
• British Coastguards 1841-1901 - a detailed index to coastguards found mainly in census records. This material has been provided by Stan Waight and his team of contributors.
• British Coastguard Records - from Mariners-L.
• HM Customs & Excise - its History, Officers and their Work - on the (archived) HM Waterguard site.

Dentists

• The General Dental Council hold registration records which show the original application, list of addresses, correspondence, etc going back to the compulsory registration in the 1920s.

Doctors

Wallis, P.J., Wallis, R.V., Whittet, T.D. and Burnby, J.G.L. Eighteenth Century Medics (subscriptions, licences, apprencticeships), Newcastle upon Tyne, Project for Historical Biobibliography (1988).
[An alphabetical index of individuals, compiled from a number of sources, including National Archives apprenticeship records, subscriptions to the publication of medical treatises, alumni of UK medical schools for the 18thC and some membership lists of the medical Royal Colleges.]

• Was Your Ancestor a Doctor? (archived copy) is a an article on the subject written by Alex Glendinning.
• National Archives Leaflets: Looking for records of doctors and nurses, and Military Nursing.
• Tracing Your Medical Ancestors from the Royal College of General Practitioners.
• The Royal College of Physicians provide the Munk's Roll which is a near-complete online index to the obituaries of past fellows from 1518 to the present (and licentiates from 1518 to 1825)
• Directory of medical licences issued by the Archbishop of Canterbury 1535-1775 from the Holdings of Lambeth Palace Library.
• Peter Davis' website includes a list of Naval Surgeons, Assistant Surgeons, Physicians and Dispensers in 1840.  
• Google Books have full text of the London Medical Directory (a commercial, and therefore voluntary. register) for 1846 and other years which include some doctors outside London.  
• Ancestry provides subscription access to UK Medical Register (a compulsory register published by the General Medical Council) 1859-1959 listing the doctors who were licenced to practice in the UK, with each doctor’s residence, qualification, and date of registration. 
• The archive of the British Medical Journal allows free full text search of articles since 1840 for those who may have written, or been mentioned in, their articles.
• Trade directories can provide some information (including for doctors in private practice)

Engineers

• The records of the Steam Engine Maker's Society are a unique source, providing detailed information about many aspects of individual lives from 1835 to the First World War; details concerning unemployment, sickness, aging and migration which are available from no other source.

Inns, Hotels and Pubs

Fowler, Simon. Researching Brewery and Publican Ancestors, Birmingham, Federation of Family History Societ es (2003) 48 pp.
[FFHS GENFair: "This booklet is an attempt to help people who discover that they have innkeepers or brewers in their family. The first section is a brief survey about the changing nature of brewing, the public and the people who worked there. The second part offers advice about the records and where you can find them. There is also a glossary of terms you may come across in the course of your research, a short bibliography and list of relevant web sites."]

Gibson, Jeremy. Victualler's Licenses - Records for Family and Local Historians, Federation of Family History Societie (2009) 64pp., [ISBN-13: 978-1906280147] 

• Simon Fowler's Pub History resource guide.
• Pub History Society
• UK Pub History and Street Directory
• The Pubs Galore website contains some useful lists of inns, hotels and public houses.
• Lost Pubs Project  is a volunteer contributed list of closed pubs.
• Barmaids and Skinkers (archived copy) - details the various jobs found in public houses, coaching inns and the brewery trade over the centuries, by Elaine Saunders.
• Trade directories can provide some information about pub licensees through the years.

Lawyers

• Searchable database of Admissions to the Inner Temple (1547-1940).

Manufacturers

• The website of the British Association of Paper Historians.
• The Society of Brushmakers' Descendants is a historical/family history society devoted to brushmaking and brushmakers.
• Bryan Mawer's Sugar Refiners and Sugarbakers Database covers mainly the United Kingdom from the 16th to 20th centuries.
• Websters' Scientific Instrument Makers Database compiled by Roderick S. and Marjorie K. Webster and made available online by the Adler Planetarium & Astronomy Museum, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.
• Stan Cook's Gunmakers & Allied Trades Index

Maritime

Watts, Christopher and Watts, Michael. My Ancestor was a Merchant Seaman, London, Society of Genealogists (2004) 84 pp. [ISBN 1-903462-51-7]
["The new and heavily revised edition is some two thirds bigger than the first edition and is sure to become one of the 'bibles' for family historians wanting to research ancient mariners. Packed full of places to search and the records that can be found in such record offices and archives, full listings of the same, their class and piece numbers, what to look for and where to find little known records."]

• National Archives Leaflet: Royal Naval Dockyards
• Association of Lighthouse Keepers - website
• Bob Sanders' Mariners Research Links
• The Historical Diving Society - "aiming to protect and preserve our diving heritage".

• National Archives' Hospital Records database

Merchants

• Dan Byrnes' Merchants and Bankers From before 1400 to 2001 (archived copy) provides genealogical and historical information about merchants and traders from the times of the Crusaders to the present day.

Millers

• The Mills Archive has large databases on mills, and on the people associated with them.

Miners

Tonks, David. My Ancestor Was a Coalminer, Society of Genealogists Enterprises Ltd (2003) 136 pp. [ISBN: 1903462711]
["This book addresses documentary evidence to be found on miners and mining and where to go for further research. A must-have book for anyone researching an ancestor who was a coalminer in Great Britiain."]

• UK-COALMINERS mailing list - A mailing list for the discussion and sharing of information regarding ancestors who worked in the coal mines of the United Kingdom.
• Ian Winstanley's Coal Mines History Resource Centre (archived copy).
• British Mining Database - a general portal site for mining.
• Mining Index - of miners killed or injured c.1850-1920 (archived copy).

Missionaries

• Mundus - gateway to missionary collections in the United Kingdom

Musicians

• The National Pipe Organ Register has a Directory of Organ Buildres which "aims to list every organ builder who ever worked in the British Isles, from the earliest times to the middle of the twentieth century". This Directory is housed in the University of Birmingham Cadbury Research Library.

Nurses

• National Archives Leaflets: Looking for records of doctors and nurses, and Military Nursing.
• Royal College of Nursing Archives - "A unique collection of material on British nurses and nursing" - fully text searchable.
• Nursing History and Midwifery History - from nurses.info (archived copies).

Pharmacists

Hudson, Bryony. Tracing People and Premises in Pharmacy, Genealogists' Magazine, vol. 28, no. 6, (2005) pp.242-246.

Photographers

• Finding Photographers is a worldwide index of the books and websites that list photographers and when they worked.
• An Index of UK photographers up to c1950 compiled by Rosemary and Stan Rodliffe.
• Rosemary and Stad Rodliffe's Index of Victorian, Edwardian and early Twentieth Century UK Photographers.
• Photographers of Great Britain & Ireland 1840-1940 - "the world's largest collection of British and Irish carte de visite photographs and trade directories".

Pirates

Hollick, Helen. Pirates: Truth and Tales. Amberley Publishing (2017) 328pp. [ISBN-13: 978-1445652153].

Police

Sherman, Antony. My Ancestor was a Policeman, London, Society of Genealogists (2000) 44 pp. [ISBN: 1903462002] ["This work comprises a short history of the police in Britain, the types of record available and a comprehensive directory of the sources of British police force records."]

Stallion, Martin and David S Wall. The British Police: Police Forces and Chief Officers 1829 – 2000. Police History Society (1999) 262pp. [ISBN 0-9512538-4-0].

• National Archives Leaflet Police
• Police Index - compiled from Newspaper reports and others of court cases, inquests etc. (archived copy),
• Police history resources provided by Louis R. Mills.
• Shanghai Municipal Police - by R.A. Bickers.
• British Transport Police History Group - "exists to promote the history of the British Transport Police and to preserve the historical records and artefacts of all its constituent forces wherever railway, dock and canal police forces were operational'.

Postal workers

• The The British Postal Musem and Archive (formerly Post Office Archives and Records Services) holds the records of the British Post Office from the 17th century to the present day.
• Example set of names extracted from Post Office Files, by Ted Wildy.
• Trade directories can provide some information about post masters and mistresses through the years

Railwaymen

Richards, Tom. Was Your Grandfather a Railwayman? (4th ed.), Birmingham, Federation of Family History Societies (2002) 132 pp. [ISBN: 1860061613] - [FFHS GENFair: "This expanded edition of the guide includes a comprehensive listing of records and documents for railway companies in Great Britain and overseas, showing what information they contain and where they can be found. There is also a detailled introduction to the railways and the records they generated, a guide to ordering records at the Public Record Office, and details of railway memorials in the UK and Ireland."]

• Hardy, Frank. My Ancestor was a Railway Worker. Society of Genealogists Enterprises Ltd (2009), 110pp., [ISBN 9781907199028]
• Drummond, Di. Tracing Your Railway Ancestors: A Guide for Family Historians. Pen & Sword (2010) 288pp. [ISBN-13 : 978-1844158645]
• Industry: the Industrial Revolution and the Railway System presents a wide variety of information on the 19th century railway system.
• Railway Index - The names of railwaymen of all classes and companies (archived copy).
• Railway & Canal Historical Society - web-site.
• Railway work, life and death - "details of railway worker accidents investigated by the state (1911-15) & applications to the Great Eastern Railway Benevolent Fund (1913-23), for assistance after an accident".

Servants

Symes, Ruth A. A Governess in the Family, Family Tree Magazine, vol. 23, no. 6, (2007) pp.18-22.

The Georgian Papers Online project is a fascinating insight into the Royal Household in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries and provides access to descriptions and digital images of letters, diaries, account books and household records and receipts. And via Findmypast you can search more than 386,000 employment records, which include staff at royal residences across the UK between 1526 and 1924. The database is drawn from a number of different types of document, but records usually include dates of employment, salary and career history.

Slave-Owners

• Legacies of British Slave-Ownership - a database containing the identity of all slave-owners in the British Caribbean at the time slavery ended.

Stonemasons

• Stonemasons & Quarrymen - information provided by the Modern Records Centre, Warwick University Library. (They have put online the first part of an index to the obituaries of stonemasons included in the Fortnightly Returns of the Operative Society of Masons, Quarrymen and Allied Trades of England and Wales. This currently (as of Aug 2010) covers 1836-1875.)

Sugar Refiners & Sugarbakers

• Sugar Refiners & Sugarbakers - "a database of some of those involved in the cane sugar refining industry, mainly in the UK, 16-20C" compiled by Bryan Mawer.

Theatre, Circus, etc.

• Dave Jassie's THEATRE-UK pages are dedicated to helping those researching ancestors who were actors, music hall or circus performers.
• Miles Templeton's boxinghistory.org.uk provides lists of names and photographs of boxers, details of venues and historical articles.
• The Galloper Magazine
• Circus Historical Society website.
• University of Bristol Theatre Collection - has a catague of over 100,000 items.
• Association of Performing Arts Collections - "the Subject Specialist Network of performing arts collections in the UK and Ireland".
• THEATRE-UK mailing list.
• Advice on locating music hall and variety artists - from Hiss & Boo.
• The Search for Theatre AncestoRs (STAR) website - based on the National Trusts's archive of Ellen Terry and Edith Craig papers.

Trade Unions

• Trade Union Archives at the Modern Records Centre, University of Warwick, with a list of twenty-four occupations for which genealogical guides are available.
• Mark Crail's Trade Union Ancestors website.
• Trades Union Congress Library Collections at London Metropolitan University.
• The Trade Union Congress's listing of Links to Other Resources identifies numerous trade union-related archives and other resources.

Travellers, Gypsies, Pedlars, etc.

• The National Fairground Archive - "a unique collection of photographic, printed, manuscript and audiovisual material".
• British Fairground Ancestors - Showmen, Circus and Fairground Travellers 
• Gary Stanley's Romani website - "a heritage project dedicated to finding, tracking and recording any mention of Romany Gypsy families and individuals between the years 1500-1900, in the United Kingdom & United States of America".
• The Romany and Traveller Family History Society website.
• UK-ROMANI Mailing List.